Apparatus for cracking oh



R. S. PERSHING APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OIL March 6, 1928.

Original Filed Oct. 28. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 3mm ROYAL SPERSHING,

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March 6, 1928.

R. S. PERSHING APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OIL Original Filed Oct. 28. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 |..|I..I|.t1 Illll H G n W m m 3 w mH R m m e 5 w M 4/ m k l. I W W M 55., im? 1% m1 Q II H m ll: 1 R m. NW N O um O m 0 1|\IW\ l ,llr J r rm Ku L \N March 6, 1928.

R. S. PERSHING APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OIL Original Filed Oct. 28. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 I gwucntoz ROYAL S. PERSHING (like: nu.

March 6, 1928.

R. S. PERSHING APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OIL Original Filed Oct. 28. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 m W G 3 m S M 2 m mm u 9 mw ww z Patented Mar. 6, 1928.

UNITED STATES ROYAL S. PERSHING, OF FORT WORTH, TEXAS.

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OIL.

Application filed October 28, 1824, Serial No. 746,434. Renewed July 21, 1927.

My inventionrelates to an apparatus for cracking oils whereby they are separated into their component parts, in the production and recovery of the maximum amount of gasoline.

One of the prime objects of the invention is to provide means of the above mentioned character for recovering the maximum yield of gasoline from the oil or oils treated, in the production of gasoline.

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby the high pressure ordinarily required in the process of cracking oil, is eliminated, with the result that liability of explosions is also eliminated.

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby the heat is applied directly to the oils, within the casing or shell of the still, thereby dispensing with the application of heat to the exterior of the shell of the still.

A further object of the invention is to provide reliable and convenient means for supporting the heater within the shell of the still, to permit of the convenient handling of the same.

A further object of the invention is to provide apparatus of the above mentioned character, which is simple in construction, reliable in operation, and highly efficient in fulfilling its function.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same,

Figure 1 is an end elevation of apparatus embodying my invention, 1 1

Figure 2 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the still included in the apparatus,

Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section through the still casing and associated elements. 1

Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view through the still, taken on .line 4-4 of Figure 3,

Figure 5 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the heater included in the apparatus,

Figure 6 is a central horizontal longitudinal section through the heater,

Figure 7 is a transverse section taken on line 7 -7 of Figure. 5,

Figure 8 is a similar view taken on line 88 of Figure 5,

Figure 9 is an enlarged detailed section through the rear end of the heater, and,

Figure 10 is a perspective view of one of the spacers.

In the drawings wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, the numeral 10 designates the shell or casing of a still, which is preferably cylindrical, and preferably horizontally arranged. The shell 10 is mounted upon a suitable support 11.

The shell 10 is preferably provided in its top with a dome 12, having connection with a pipe 13, which leads to suitable condenser or condensers.

The forward end or head 14 of the shell 10 is equipped in its lower portion with a gauge tube 15, for indicating the level of the liquid or oil within the shell, while the rear end or head 16 is provided with a man hole 17 whereby access may be had to the interior of the shell, for removing the residue as may be required.

Extendin longitudinallywithin the shell 10, and preferably concentrically thereof, is a heater 18. This heater embodies a tube or container 19, which is preferably cylindrical. This tube is preferably formed of copper, or an alloy of said metal. This tube or container 19 has its forward end preferably permanently closed, while its rear end is preferably provided with an annular flange 21. The end or head 14 is provided with an opening 22, for receiving the tube or container 19. If desired, a gasket may be arranged between the flange 21 and the head 14.

I provide means for supporting the heater, in a manner to enable the same to be conveniently moved longitudinally through the opening 22, and also for re taining the same in place, during its use. This supporting means embodies a plurality of spaced support-arms 24, which have their lower ends rigidly attached to the lower portion of the still shell 10. These arms converge upwardly and are provided at their upper ends with forked heads 25, within which are rotatably mounted rollers 26, arranged at an angle, and converging downwardly. These rollers engage the opposite sides of the lower portion of the tube or cont ainer 19, thus supporting the same, in a or container 19, and they have ports 28 cut therein, at their opposite ends. These ports are cut into the opposite sides of the spacers, as shown. The spacers 27 have longitudinal. openings 29 formed therein, for the passage of the copper conductor rods 30 which furnish the electric current necessary. These conductor rods 30 also pass" through openings 31, formed in mufiles 32. These muffles are formed of electricalinsulating material adapted to withstand the heat to which they are subjected, and are preferably formed of the same material as the spacers 27. These inuflies have their peripheries pro vided with spiral grooves, within which are wound the resistance elements 2-33, thereby holding the same in position. Each resistance element has one end connected with one conductor rod 30, while its opposite end is connected with the other conductor rod 30, so forming a complete circuit. The ports 28 render it possible to conveniently attach the ends of theresistance element to the conductor rods. Each spacer 27 and each muflie 32, forms .an independent unit, and the breaking of any connections between the conductors 30 and the heating element 38, would not interfere with the operation of the remaining heating element or elements. Connected to the flange 21 is a cap 34, having openings formed therein, receiving insulating sleeves 36. The conductor rods 30 pass through these insulating sleeves in said openings, and have connections with wires 37 and 38, which lead to the opposite poles of a suitable source of current.

The numeral 39designates a U-bolt passed through openings 40 in the cap '34, and extending through grooves 41 formed in the spacers 27. The ends of this U-bolt are screw threaded, and receive nuts 42, holding 7 upon the U-bolt a transverse bar 43 arranged within a groove 44 in the end spacer 27. The .function'of this U-bolt and associated elements is to retain the spacers and its associate elements in alinement and to bind the same to the cap 34, whereby they may be removed as a unit from within the tube or container 19,, when the cap 84 is removed, thus doing away with the necessity of removing the entire heater. The U-bolt 39 is. spaced from the resistance elements to prevent short circuiting. The cap 34 is secured to the head 14 by bolts 45, as shown.

the form of a plurality of supply pipes 46, N

the forward ends of which are connected with a transverse pipe 47, having connection' with a coupling 48, connected with a pipe 49. The forward ends of the supply pi 46 are supported by sockets 50 or the like. Particular attention is called to the fact that the supply pipes 46 are arranged above the heater 18, and spaced therefrom, and are preferably parallel with relation thereto. These supply pipes are provided with sets of nozzles 51, which preferably converge downwardly, for spraying the oil well upon the upper portion of the heater. It is preferred to use a nozzle that will produce a very fine spray of the oil, audit is of course understood that the type of nozzle may vary, as required, with the use of the particular oil treated.

I have found that the finer the spray produced, the more satv isfactory the result obtained, as the subsequent cracking of the oil will then be much greater. l w

The pipe 49 leads to the discharge end of of a pump 52,, the intake end of which is connected with a pipe 53. This pipe 53 leads into the lower portion of the shell 10, preferably through the head 14, as shown. The pipe 53 has a valve 54 connected therein. The pipe 53 has connection with a pipe 55, equipped with a valve 56, and the pipe 55 leads to a storage tank 57, as shown.

In the use of the apparatus in the practice of my process, it is preferred to maintain a level of the liquid within the still, of not less than one-third nor more than two-fifths of the entire-height of the still. is set into operation, for producing the desired temperature. The heat employed may widely vary, depending largely upon the character of the oil or substance being treated. The temperature may vary from 212 F., to 1500 F and the temperature may even go below 212 F.,to an suitable temperature beneath this point. L he pump 52 is started, and the oil is discharged through the pipe 49 and passedthrough the supply pipes 46, and is then sprayed upon the heater, 18. The gasoline bearing vapor passes upwardly through the pipe 13, or any other-means employed, as is obvious, while theliquid gravitates from the heater/18 to the lower portion of the still.

7 By adjusting the valves 54and 56, the oil orliquid' The heater to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be re sorted to, and also various changes in the order of the steps of the process, and the temperatures used may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of my invenelectrical heating means arranged within the I metallic container, means for effecting a gastight joint between the end of the metallic container and the wall of the still shell adjacent said opening, said means also serving to detachably connect the metallic container and wall whereby the metallic container may be held against movement and released for longitudinal movement, and means whereby the vapors generated may be passed from the still shell.

- 2. In apparatus of the character described, a still, a plurality of spaced supports having rollers mounted within the still, a metallic container supported by the rollers, electrical heating means Within the metallic container, means for spraying oil upon the metallic container, and means whereby the vapors generated may pass from the still.

3. In apparatus of the character described,

a still shell a plurality of pairs of rollers supported in the shell, the rollers in each pair being angularly arranged and converging downwardly, a metallic container having its lower portion held between and supported by the pairs of rollers, means to apply heat to the interior of the container, and means to supply oil to the exterior of the container.

4. In apparatus of the character described, a still shell, pairs of brackets arranged within the shell and attached thereto, the pairs of brackets being longitudinally spaced within the shell, rollers carried by the inner ends of the brackets and arranged inpairs, the rollers in each pair being angular-1y disposed and. converging downwardly, a container having its lower portion arranged between and supported by the rollers, means for applying heat to the interior of the container, and means to spray oil to the exterior of the container.

5. In apparatus of the character described, a still shell, pairs of rollers supported therein, the rollers in each pair being laterally spaced, a cylindrical container adapted to be arranged between and supported by said rollers, means to apply heat to the interior of the container and means to' spray oil to the exterior of the container.

6. In apparatus of the character described, an elongated still shell having a head provided with an opening, rollers supported within the shell and spaced longitudinally thereof, a metallic container adapted to be inserted through the opening and supported by the rollers, a flange formed upon the rear end of the container and arranged exteriorly of said head and adapted to be secured thereto, means to apply heat to the interior of the metallic container, and means to spray oil to the exterior of the container.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

ROYAL S. PERSHING. 

